Combustion engines can work in different working cycles, from the Otto cycle to the Atkinson cycle to the Miller cycle. However, Volkswagen came up with the Budack cycle after the engineer who invented it.

The Budack cycle is a solution to achieve higher engine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. But how does this cycle work?

RPM fluctuations are not one of those things you can just wave your hand at and start dealing with only when the worst happens. There can be several different causes if your engine's speed fluctuates. Without a thorough inspection of the car and its condition, it is tough to determine the problem.

We have already covered the topic of RPM fluctuations in the past. However, this article will look at one of the specific causes of engine power fluctuations, the name of which you will surely know - a faulty lambda sensor.

A malfunction of the lambda probe can be the cause of increased fuel consumption and rough idle or irregular engine operation. In today's article, we will talk about how a malfunction of the lambda probe manifests itself and what problems it causes.

Before we start, though, let's look at the lambda probe function and how it affects the engine.

A thermostat is a device that controls the flow of coolant liquid in the engine's cooling circuit. Every engine has a certain ideal working temperature that it needs to reach for its optimal operation.

If the engine does not work at its ideal working temperature - it is not optimally warmed up - it leads to higher fuel consumption, worse operation, higher noise, but also greater wear of all engine parts.

Fuel consumption is one of the most important factors when buying a car, especially for people who use their car daily and achieve high mileage each month.

And even if that's not the case, fuel consumption is the thing that interests almost every owner of the car. So what's the cause of high fuel consumption? Let's check out the 14 most common causes of it.

Cold starts harm the engine, no matter the outside temperature. However, the lower the outside temperature, the longer it takes for the engine to warm up to the operating temperature, meaning that these adverse effects affect the engine for a longer period.

Today's article will focus on what happens in the engine during warm-up to its operating temperature.