Black smoke from the exhaust is a sign that the engine is burning too rich a mixture of fuel and air. A rich mixture is a mixture that contains less air than is necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel.

This means that a larger amount of fuel enters the cylinders than would belong to a certain ratio of air, due to which incomplete combustion occurs. This incomplete combustion results in black smoke from the exhaust, which contains a large amount of soot.

A radial engine is a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a single crankshaft, which has cylinders arranged in a circle (in one or more rows) perpendicular to the axis of the crankshaft so that all cylinders make the same angle with each other.

This article will explain how the radial engine works, its use, and a brief history.

An internal combustion engine is a heat engine that generates thermal energy by burning fuel. It subsequently converts this energy into mechanical work or a reaction effect.

The term internal combustion engine is usually understood as a piston internal combustion engine, but this is incorrect, as an internal combustion engine does not always have to be only a piston internal combustion engine.

Valve timing is a mechanism using valves to control the flow of working gases (air, fuel, exhaust gases) through a piston combustion engine. This is the most common type of mechanical distribution, used mainly in four-stroke internal combustion engines.

The opening of the valves is controlled by the respective cam of the camshaft, which is driven by the crankshaft. In four-stroke engines, the camshaft rotates 2x slower than the crankshaft, because one working cycle of the engine takes two revolutions of the crankshaft.

A reciprocating internal combustion engine is a type of combustion engine equipped with a piston, the task of which is to mediate the conversion of thermal energy generated by a chemical reaction into the mechanical work of the engine.

Under the term piston combustion engine, we can imagine a classic engine with reciprocating motion of the piston or a less used engine with a rotary piston and thus the Wankel engine.

A rocket engine is a type of reactive engine that is not affected by the external environment, thanks to the fact that it carries fuel and an oxidizer in its reservoir.

This article will briefly examine how a rocket engine works, its history, and possible types.