The cylinder head is one of the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head closes the cylinder block from above, which is attached with screws.

In this article, we will shed light on the function of the cylinder head, what materials it is made of, and how it manifests itself if damaged.

An air-cooled engine is an internal combustion engine in which cooling and maintaining optimum engine temperature is ensured using flowing air.

In today's article, we will briefly look at the air-cooled engine, its division, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this engine.

Today's article will focus on a rotary engine with reciprocating piston movement and a rotating crankcase. Since we are talking about a rotary engine with reciprocating piston movement, we will not discuss the Wankel engine, even though it belongs to the group of rotary engines, because its rotary piston revolves around an eccentric shaft.

We will, therefore, be interested in a completely different type of engine, which is a rotary engine, the pistons of which perform a reciprocating movement and whose crankcase rotates (rotates) together with the entire engine.

V engine is an internal combustion engine whose cylinders and pistons are arranged in two separate planes so that when viewed along the axis of the crankshaft, it resembles the letter V.

Such an arrangement of cylinders reduces the overall length and height compared to an in-line engine—the first V engine, built in 1889 by Daimler according to the design of Wilhelm Maybach.

Black smoke from the exhaust is a sign that the engine is burning too rich a mixture of fuel and air. A rich mixture is a mixture that contains less air than is necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel.

This means that a larger amount of fuel enters the cylinders than would belong to a certain ratio of air, due to which incomplete combustion occurs. This incomplete combustion results in black smoke from the exhaust, which contains a large amount of soot.

Valvetronic is a designation for BMW engines equipped with a variable valve lift system. It is a system that, combined with variable valve timing, allows changing the position of the camshaft independently of the position of the crankshaft. It can also change the lift and length of time the valve is open.

This technology is used to optimize engine parameters. Thanks to the Valvetronic system, engines achieve higher performance, lower fuel consumption, and lower emissions.