Combustion engines can work in different working cycles, from the Otto cycle to the Atkinson cycle to the Miller cycle. However, Volkswagen came up with the Budack cycle after the engineer who invented it.

The Budack cycle is a solution to achieve higher engine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. But how does this cycle work?

Driver alert control, abbreviated as DAC, is a driver alertness control system developed by the Volvo car company.

Unlike the systems of other car companies, the Driver alert control developed by Volvo does not control the driver's behavior but the movement of the car.